averse ~ adverse ~ adversary ~ adversarial
【反感的,不喜欢的 ~ 不利的,有害的 ~对手,敌人~对抗的,敌对的】
averse, adverse, adversary 和 adversarial 的区别详解
这四个单词虽然拼写相似,并且都涉及到反对、对立的概念,但它们的含义和用法各自有所不同。接下来,我们将逐一分析它们的区别。
1. 词性及基本含义
单词 | 词性 | 含义 |
---|---|---|
averse | 形容词 | 反感的,不喜欢的(指对某事物或某人的强烈反感) |
adverse | 形容词 | 不利的,有害的(指对某事物产生负面影响的) |
adversary | 名词 | 对手,敌人(指在争斗或竞争中反对的一方) |
adversarial | 形容词 | 对抗的,敌对的(指具有对立或敌对特征的) |
2. 词义及用法解析
(1)averse [əˈvɜːs]
🔹 主要含义:
- 反感的,不喜欢的(表示强烈的不愿意或反对某事物,尤其是在情感或态度上)
- 🔹 He is averse to taking risks.
(他反感冒险。) - 🔹 She is averse to working on weekends.
(她不喜欢在周末工作。)
- 🔹 He is averse to taking risks.
🔹 常用搭配:
- averse to → 反感,厌恶(某事物或行为)
✅ 记忆技巧:
- averse = 反感,表示某人强烈的不愿意或反对某事。
(2)adverse [ˈædvɜːs]
🔹 主要含义:
- 不利的,有害的(表示某事物对情况或某人产生负面影响)
- 🔹 The adverse effects of smoking are well-documented.
(吸烟的有害影响有很多文献记载。) - 🔹 Adverse weather conditions delayed the flight.
(不利的天气条件导致航班延误。)
- 🔹 The adverse effects of smoking are well-documented.
- (在法律和正式场合中)敌对的,反对的
- 🔹 The lawyer faced adverse opinions in court.
(律师在法庭上面临反对意见。)
- 🔹 The lawyer faced adverse opinions in court.
🔹 常用搭配:
- adverse effect → 不良影响
- adverse weather → 恶劣天气
- adverse conditions → 不利条件
✅ 记忆技巧:
- adverse = 不利的,表示对某种情况或结果产生负面影响。
(3)adversary [ˈædvəsəri]
🔹 主要含义:
- 对手,敌人(在竞争、斗争、争执中,指对立的一方或反对方)
- 🔹 He defeated his adversary in the final match.
(他在决赛中击败了他的对手。) - 🔹 The company is trying to outmaneuver its adversaries.
(公司正试图超越它的敌人。)
- 🔹 He defeated his adversary in the final match.
- (法律)对方当事人
- 🔹 The prosecutor and the defense attorney were adversaries in the trial.
(公诉人和辩护律师在审判中是对立的。)
- 🔹 The prosecutor and the defense attorney were adversaries in the trial.
🔹 常用搭配:
- political adversary → 政治对手
- formidable adversary → 强大的对手
✅ 记忆技巧:
- adversary = 对手,指竞争或斗争中的对立方。
(4)adversarial [ˌædvərˈsɛriəl]
🔹 主要含义:
- 对抗的,敌对的(描述一种态度或行为,强调冲突或对立)
- 🔹 The two parties have an adversarial relationship.
(这两个党派有一种敌对的关系。) - 🔹 An adversarial approach to negotiation is often unproductive.
(对立的谈判方式通常没有成果。)
- 🔹 The two parties have an adversarial relationship.
- (法律)对立的,反对的(指法律体系中,辩论的双方是对立的)
- 🔹 The adversarial nature of the legal system pits the prosecutor against the defense.
(法律体系的对抗性性质使得公诉人与辩护律师对立。)
- 🔹 The adversarial nature of the legal system pits the prosecutor against the defense.
🔹 常用搭配:
- adversarial system → 对抗性法律制度
- adversarial relationship → 对立关系
✅ 记忆技巧:
- adversarial = 对抗的,指具有敌对、对立性质的态度、行为或系统。
3. 例句对比
句子 | 解析 |
---|---|
She was always averse to eating spicy food. | averse(形容词):反感,不喜欢某事物。 |
The adverse effects of the new policy were felt immediately. | adverse(形容词):表示政策产生了负面的影响。 |
The boxer faced a tough adversary in the championship match. | adversary(名词):指比赛中的对手。 |
The lawyer adopted an adversarial approach during the cross-examination. | adversarial(形容词):指对抗的态度,强调双方的敌对性质。 |
4. 主要区别总结
averse(形容词) | adverse(形容词) | adversary(名词) | adversarial(形容词) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
含义 | 反感的,不喜欢的 | 不利的,有害的 | 对手,敌人 | 对抗的,敌对的 |
用法 | 用于形容某人对某事的反感 | 用于描述某事物带来的负面影响 | 指与某人竞争或对抗的人 | 用于描述态度、行为或关系中的敌对或对立 |
强调点 | 强调情感上的不喜欢或反感 | 强调负面、恶化的影响 | 强调竞争、冲突中的对立方 | 强调冲突或对抗的性质 |
例句 | She is averse to taking risks. | The adverse weather delayed the flight. | He defeated his adversary in the match. | Their relationship was adversarial and full of tension. |
5. 记忆技巧
- averse = 反感(描述对某事的情感反应)
- adverse = 不利的(描述对事物产生负面影响的情况)
- adversary = 对手(指在竞争或争斗中与某人对立的一方)
- adversarial = 对抗的(描述敌对的态度、行为或关系)