dust
【灰尘,尘土】
dust 是一个名词和动词,常用于指细小的颗粒或灰尘,或者指通过去除灰尘进行清洁的动作。
1. 基本含义
🔹 dust [dʌst](名词和动词)
(1) 名词:灰尘,尘土
- dust 主要指空气中的微小颗粒物,通常是由沙粒、泥土、植物花粉等组成,也可以指在物体表面积聚的细小颗粒。
- 例如:The shelves are covered in dust.
(书架上积满了灰尘。) - 例如:The wind blew the dust across the road.
(风把尘土吹过了道路。)
- 例如:The shelves are covered in dust.
(2) 名词:粉末,细屑
- dust 还可以指由固体物质磨碎或分解形成的细小颗粒或粉末。
- 例如:The floor was covered in dust from the old books.
(地板上覆盖着来自旧书的灰尘。)
- 例如:The floor was covered in dust from the old books.
(3) 动词:去尘,擦拭
- 作为动词,dust 指清理灰尘或用布擦拭表面。
- 例如:I need to dust the furniture today.
(我今天需要擦拭家具上的灰尘。) - 例如:She dusted the shelves before the guests arrived.
(她在客人到来之前擦了书架。)
- 例如:I need to dust the furniture today.
(4) 动词:撒上粉末
- dust 还可以指撒上细小颗粒或粉末。
- 例如:She dusted the cake with powdered sugar.
(她在蛋糕上撒上了糖粉。) - 例如:The workers dusted the crops with pesticide.
(工人们向作物撒了农药。)
- 例如:She dusted the cake with powdered sugar.
2. 词源
- dust 源自古英语 "dust",意思是细小颗粒或碎屑。它与拉丁语 "pulvis"(尘土)相关,表示微小的固体颗粒。
3. 常见搭配
- dust off — 拿起,重新使用
- After years of neglect, he finally decided to dust off his old guitar and start playing again.
(经过多年的搁置后,他终于决定拿起他的旧吉他,重新开始弹奏。)
- After years of neglect, he finally decided to dust off his old guitar and start playing again.
- dust cloud — 尘土云
- A huge dust cloud formed as the truck drove down the dirt road.
(当卡车沿着土路行驶时,形成了一阵巨大的尘土云。)
- A huge dust cloud formed as the truck drove down the dirt road.
- dust bowl — 沙尘暴区
- The Great Depression was exacerbated by the dust bowl in the 1930s.
(大萧条因上世纪30年代的沙尘暴而加剧。)
- The Great Depression was exacerbated by the dust bowl in the 1930s.
4. 近义词
词汇 | 含义 | 适用场景 |
---|---|---|
dirt | 脏土,污垢 | 通常指比较大块或明显的灰尘 |
grit | 细砂,沙砾 | 较硬、颗粒较大的细屑 |
powder | 粉末,粉状物 | 更细腻、通常为化学物质或食品 |
sand | 沙子 | 通常指较大颗粒的细沙 |
debris | 碎片,残骸 | 破碎物质的碎片或残渣 |
5. 总结
- dust 主要指细小的颗粒或灰尘,可作为名词或动词使用。
- 作为名词,表示空气中的细小颗粒物,或物体表面的灰尘;作为动词,表示清理灰尘或撒粉。
- 常见搭配包括 dust off(重新使用,整理),dust cloud(尘土云)。