inhibit ~ prohibit
【抑制、阻碍 ~ 禁止、阻止(法律、规定或权威性命令禁止某事发生)】
inhibit vs. prohibit 的区别详解
1. 词性区别:
- inhibit(动词):表示“抑制、阻碍、使某人不敢做某事”。
- prohibit(动词):表示“禁止、阻止(法律、规定或权威性命令禁止某事发生)”。
2. 词义及用法解析
(1)inhibit [ɪnˈhɪbɪt] (动词)
主要含义:
- 抑制(某种行为、感情、发展):让某件事变得困难或不太可能发生,但不一定完全阻止。
- 🔹 Fear of failure inhibits many people from trying new things.
(对失败的恐惧让许多人不敢尝试新事物。) - 🔹 Some drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria.
(某些药物抑制细菌的生长。)
- 🔹 Fear of failure inhibits many people from trying new things.
- 心理或情绪上的压抑:使人感到拘束,不能自由表达或行动。
- 🔹 He felt inhibited in front of strangers.
(他在陌生人面前感到拘束。)
- 🔹 He felt inhibited in front of strangers.
常见搭配:
- inhibit someone from doing something → 使某人不敢做某事
- 🔹 His shyness inhibited him from speaking in public.
(他的羞怯使他不敢在公众场合讲话。)
- 🔹 His shyness inhibited him from speaking in public.
- inhibit growth/development/progress → 抑制生长/发展/进步
- 🔹 High taxes can inhibit economic growth.
(高税收可能抑制经济增长。)
- 🔹 High taxes can inhibit economic growth.
(2)prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] (动词)
主要含义:
- 正式禁止:通过法律、规定或权力禁止某事,通常是强制性的。
- 🔹 Smoking is strictly prohibited in this building.
(本建筑内严禁吸烟。) - 🔹 The law prohibits the sale of alcohol to minors.
(法律禁止向未成年人销售酒精饮料。)
- 🔹 Smoking is strictly prohibited in this building.
- 使某事不可能发生(更正式,通常指外部因素或法规限制某事)。
- 🔹 The high cost prohibits many people from buying a house.
(高昂的价格使许多人无法买房。)
- 🔹 The high cost prohibits many people from buying a house.
常见搭配:
- prohibit someone from doing something → 禁止某人做某事
- 🔹 The school prohibits students from using mobile phones in class.
(学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。)
- 🔹 The school prohibits students from using mobile phones in class.
- prohibit smoking/alcohol/drugs → 禁止吸烟/酒精/毒品
- 🔹 The law prohibits drug use.
(法律禁止吸毒。)
- 🔹 The law prohibits drug use.
- strictly/legally prohibit → 严格/法律上禁止
- 🔹 The company strictly prohibits discrimination.
(公司严格禁止歧视行为。)
- 🔹 The company strictly prohibits discrimination.
3. 例句对比
句子 | 解析 |
---|---|
His fear of failure inhibited him from taking risks. | inhibit(抑制):恐惧让他不敢冒险。 |
The government prohibits the use of plastic bags. | prohibit(禁止):政府明令禁止使用塑料袋。 |
High interest rates inhibit economic growth. | inhibit(抑制):高利率阻碍经济增长,但不一定完全阻止。 |
The school prohibits smoking on campus. | prohibit(禁止):学校明令禁止吸烟,不允许发生。 |
4. 主要区别总结
inhibit(抑制) | prohibit(禁止) | |
---|---|---|
含义 | 使某事变得困难,阻碍但不一定完全禁止 | 通过法律、规则或命令明令禁止 |
影响程度 | 阻碍、限制,但可能仍然可以发生 | 绝对禁止,不允许发生 |
适用对象 | 情绪、行为、成长、发展、化学反应等 | 规则、法律、法规、政策 |
例句 | Cold weather inhibits plant growth.(寒冷的天气抑制植物生长。) | The law prohibits drunk driving.(法律禁止酒驾。) |
5. 记忆技巧
- inhibit ≈ hinder/restrain(限制、抑制,但不一定完全阻止)
- prohibit ≈ forbid/ban(通过法律、规则或权力完全禁止)
如果某事只是受到阻碍或抑制,但仍然可能发生 → inhibit
如果某事被正式或强制性禁止,完全不允许发生 → prohibit