notwithstanding
【尽管】
单词:notwithstanding
词性:介词、连词(可以用作副词,但较少见)
基本含义: Notwithstanding 是一个连接词或介词,表示“尽管”,用于引入与前述内容对立或相反的情况,强调某件事或某个事实并未改变后续的结果或情况。它用于表示即便有某种情况或条件存在,后续的行动或结果仍然发生或存在。
用法与例子:
- 作为介词:
- Notwithstanding 作为介词时,通常置于名词或代词之前,表示“尽管有”或“无论”,表示某件事情与前述内容相对立,但没有影响后续的结果或行动。
- 例子:
- Notwithstanding the rain, the event was a huge success.
(尽管下雨,活动依然非常成功。) - He passed the exam, notwithstanding his lack of preparation.
(尽管他没有好好准备,他还是通过了考试。)
- Notwithstanding the rain, the event was a huge success.
- 作为连词:
- Notwithstanding 作为连词时,表示“尽管”,引导与主句内容相对立的从句,常用来引导一个让步性从句,表示某个条件或情况并没有改变事情的发展。
- 例子:
- Notwithstanding that the plan was risky, it was carried out successfully.
(尽管这个计划有风险,但它还是成功地实施了。) - Notwithstanding that she was tired, she continued working until late at night.
(尽管她很累,她还是继续工作到深夜。)
- Notwithstanding that the plan was risky, it was carried out successfully.
- 作为副词(不常用):
- 作为副词时,notwithstanding 用于句子的最后,表示“尽管如此”或“尽管前面提到的情况”。这种用法较为正式或文学化。
- 例子:
- The team played poorly; their coach, notwithstanding, praised their efforts.
(虽然球队表现不佳,但教练还是赞扬了他们的努力。)
- The team played poorly; their coach, notwithstanding, praised their efforts.
与其他短语的比较:
短语/词组 | 含义 | 用法 | 例子 |
---|---|---|---|
Despite | “尽管”或“即使”,通常用于介词短语 | Despite 后跟名词、代词、动名词。 | Despite the difficulties, they completed the project.(尽管有困难,他们完成了项目。) |
In spite of | 与 despite 类似,也表示“尽管” | In spite of 后跟名词、代词。 | In spite of the bad weather, the flight was on time.(尽管天气不好,航班按时起飞。) |
However | “然而”,“不过”,用于转折关系 | 用于句子开头或中间,表示转折。 | She was tired. However, she kept working.(她很累,但她仍然继续工作。) |
词源:
Notwithstanding 源自于古英语的 "not withstanding",意思是“没有阻碍,尽管如此”。它由 “not” 和 “withstanding”(站立,抵抗)组成,原本表示“没有抵抗,尽管有某种情况”。随着时间的推移,这个词成为一个常见的连词和介词,用于表达让步关系。
总结:
Notwithstanding 是一个表示“尽管”或“即使”的词,常用来引导与主句内容相对立或对立的情境,表示某种情况未能阻止后续的结果或行动。它可用作介词或连词,常见于正式或书面语言中。