discriminate
【区别、辨别】
单词:discriminate
词性:动词
基本含义:
Discriminate 主要有两种常见的含义:
- 区别、辨别:指区分不同事物或特征,通常是基于某些明显的差异。
- 歧视:指对某些人或群体进行不公正的区别对待,通常基于种族、性别、年龄、宗教等因素。
1. 区别、辨别(区别对待)
Discriminate 作为动词时,首先的含义是指通过观察或分析事物的差异来进行区分,通常是指合理的、基于特征的差异化处理。这里没有带有负面或不公平的含义。
常见用法与例子:
- 区别事物、辨别特征:
- 例子:"She can easily discriminate between different types of wine."
(她能轻松区分不同类型的葡萄酒。) - 例子:"The software can discriminate between a virus and a normal file."
(该软件能够区分病毒文件和正常文件。)
- 例子:"She can easily discriminate between different types of wine."
- 辨识细节、判断事物的不同:
- 例子:"You need to discriminate between genuine and fake products."
(你需要区分真品和假货。)
- 例子:"You need to discriminate between genuine and fake products."
这里的 discriminate 强调的是“识别”或“判断”,指的是基于差异进行合理的区分。
2. 歧视(不公平的区别对待)
Discriminate 也有一个常见的负面含义,即指基于某些个人特征或身份(如种族、性别、年龄、宗教等)对某些人进行不公正、不合理的区别对待。这种歧视行为通常是不道德和不合法的,社会和法律系统通常会对此进行反对和规制。
常见用法与例子:
- 对某些人或群体的歧视:
- 例子:"It is illegal to discriminate based on race, gender, or age in many countries."
(在许多国家,基于种族、性别或年龄的歧视是非法的。) - 例子:"He was accused of discriminating against women in his hiring practices."
(他因在招聘过程中歧视女性而被指控。)
- 例子:"It is illegal to discriminate based on race, gender, or age in many countries."
- 社会或制度上的不公平对待:
- 例子:"The policy was designed to combat racial discrimination."
(这项政策旨在打击种族歧视。)
- 例子:"The policy was designed to combat racial discrimination."
- 历史和社会背景中的歧视:
- 例子:"Many activists have worked to end gender discrimination in the workplace."
(许多活动家为结束职场中的性别歧视而努力。)
- 例子:"Many activists have worked to end gender discrimination in the workplace."
这种歧视通常涉及对某一群体的负面偏见,导致不平等的待遇。
3. 词源与语境:
Discriminate 来自拉丁语 discriminare,意为“区分、分开”。在英语中,它最早的意思是指区分、辨别,后来演变成了“歧视”的含义,通常指在不合理或不公正的情况下基于某些特征对某人进行区别对待。
4. 常见搭配:
- Discriminate against:指对某个群体或个体进行不公平的区别对待。
- 例子:"The law prohibits employers from discriminating against employees based on their sexual orientation."
(该法律禁止雇主基于员工的性取向进行歧视。)
- 例子:"The law prohibits employers from discriminating against employees based on their sexual orientation."
- Discriminate between:指区分、辨别。
- 例子:"She can discriminate between high-quality and low-quality products."
(她能区分高质量和低质量的产品。)
- 例子:"She can discriminate between high-quality and low-quality products."
- Discriminatory practice:指带有歧视性质的做法或行为。
- 例子:"The company was sued for its discriminatory hiring practices."
(这家公司因其歧视性的招聘做法而被起诉。)
- 例子:"The company was sued for its discriminatory hiring practices."
5. 记忆技巧:
- Discriminate 和 difference (差异)有相似的词根,联想区分、辨别的含义。
- 想到 discriminate 时,可以联想区分或歧视,用 against 记住“歧视”的负面含义,用 between 记住“区分”的正面含义。
总结:
- Discriminate 作为动词时,既有“区分、辨别”的含义,表示基于差异做出合理的区分,也有“歧视”的含义,表示对某一群体或个体的不公正、偏见待遇。
- 当谈论歧视时,通常是指不道德、不公正的区别对待,尤其是基于种族、性别、年龄、宗教等因素。
- 社会和法律通常鼓励合理的辨别,而强烈反对任何形式的歧视行为。