shell
【壳、外壳】
shell 是一个多义词，既可以作为 名词，也可以作为 动词 使用。其基本意思是“壳、外壳”，但它也有其他扩展含义。
1. 名词 (noun)
🔹 shell [ʃɛl] (名词) —— 壳、外壳
- 指动植物的硬外壳或外层
- The beach was covered with shells.
（海滩上布满了贝壳。） - A turtle's shell protects it from predators.
（乌龟的壳可以保护它免受捕食者的攻击。）
- The beach was covered with shells.
- 指炮弹或炸弹外壳
- The soldiers took cover from the exploding shells.
（士兵们躲避爆炸的炮弹。）
- The soldiers took cover from the exploding shells.
- 计算机中的“壳”
- This program runs in the background as a shell.
（这个程序在后台作为一个“壳”运行。）
- This program runs in the background as a shell.
2. 动词 (verb)
🔹 shell (动词) —— 剥壳，炮击，去壳
- 指去除壳或外层
- I need to shell the peanuts before cooking.
（我需要先剥掉花生的壳再烹饪。） - She shelled the hard-boiled eggs.
（她剥掉了煮熟鸡蛋的壳。）
- I need to shell the peanuts before cooking.
- 指用炮弹攻击
- The enemy shelled the city with artillery.
（敌人用炮火轰击了这座城市。）
- The enemy shelled the city with artillery.
3. 常见短语与用法
- shell out：支付，付出
- I had to shell out a lot of money for the new phone.
（我不得不为新手机支付了很多钱。）
- I had to shell out a lot of money for the new phone.
- egg shell：蛋壳
- Be careful not to break the egg shell.
（小心不要弄破蛋壳。）
- Be careful not to break the egg shell.
- shell shock：炮弹震惊，精神创伤
- He suffered from shell shock after the war.
（他在战争后患上了精神创伤。）
- He suffered from shell shock after the war.
4. shell 与其他相似词的区别
| 词汇 | 含义 & 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| shell | 外壳，通常指硬的保护层或容器 | The turtle hid inside its shell.（乌龟躲在它的壳里。） |
| husk | 主要用于植物，指种子或果实的外皮 | I removed the husk of the corn before cooking.（我在做饭前去掉了玉米的外皮。） |
| case | 容器、外壳，常用于包裹物或电子设备外壳 | The phone is in a protective case.（手机放在保护壳里。） |
5. 总结
- shell (名词) = 壳、外壳，指保护性的硬外层
- shell (动词) = 剥壳，炮击
- 常用于指代动植物的壳、炮弹外壳以及某些容器的外部结构