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forfeit

【罚金、没收物】

"Forfeit" 是一个既可以作名词动词,也可以作形容词的单词,主要表达失去、放弃、罚没、被剥夺等含义,常见于法律、比赛、合同和财务相关的场合。我们可以从以下几个方面来分析它的含义和用法:


1. 作为动词(vt.):(因违规、过失等)丧失、被迫放弃

📌 含义:表示由于违规、过失或未履行责任而被迫失去某物,通常指金钱、权利、财产或比赛资格等。

例句:

  • If you break the rules, you will forfeit your membership.
    (如果你违反规则,你将丧失会员资格。)
  • He had to forfeit his deposit after canceling the contract.
    (他因取消合同而不得不放弃押金。)
  • The team forfeited the match due to a lack of players.
    (由于球员人数不足,该队被判弃赛。)

📌 常见搭配:

  • Forfeit a right(丧失权利)
  • Forfeit a game/match(比赛弃权)
  • Forfeit a deposit(丧失押金)

2. 作为名词(n.):罚金、没收物、丧失的东西

📌 含义:指因违法、违规或未履行义务而被罚没、丧失的财产、金钱或权益

例句:

  • He had to pay a forfeit for arriving late.
    (他因迟到而被罚款。)
  • The company faced a heavy forfeit for breaching the contract.
    (该公司因违反合同而面临巨额罚款。)
  • The team’s forfeit resulted in their disqualification from the tournament.
    (该队的弃赛导致他们被取消比赛资格。)

📌 常见搭配:

  • Pay a forfeit(支付罚款)
  • Lose something by forfeit(因违规等而丧失某物)
  • A game/match loss by forfeit(因弃权而失去比赛资格)

3. 作为形容词(adj.):被罚没的,被剥夺的

📌 含义:形容某物因某种违规或失误而被罚没或丧失。这种用法相对较少见。

例句:

  • His forfeit property was seized by the government.
    (他被罚没的财产被政府没收了。)
  • The forfeit money must be paid immediately.
    (罚款必须立即支付。)

4. 发音

  • 英式发音:/ˈfɔː.fɪt/
  • 美式发音:/ˈfɔːr.fɪt/

发音分解:

  • For- /fɔːr/(类似“佛”)
  • feit /fɪt/(类似“费特”)

🎧 发音提示:

  • “Forfeit” 的 “feit” 不是 "fight",而是类似 “fit” 的发音。

5. 近义词 & 反义词

词性近义词反义词
动词(丧失)Lose(失去), Surrender(放弃), Relinquish(让渡)Retain(保留), Keep(保持)
名词(罚没)Penalty(罚款), Fine(罚金), Confiscation(没收)Reward(奖励), Compensation(补偿)

6. 相关短语

  • Forfeit a match/game(因违规而被判输掉比赛)
  • Forfeit one’s right to do something(丧失做某事的权利)
  • Lose something by forfeit(因罚没而失去某物)
  • A fine or forfeit(罚款或罚没)

例句:

  • The team had to forfeit the game because they didn't have enough players.
    (该队因球员人数不足,不得不弃权比赛。)
  • He forfeited his right to appeal by missing the deadline.
    (他因错过截止日期而丧失了上诉的权利。)

7. 现实生活中的应用

领域应用场景例子
法律违约、违规导致财产被没收The criminal’s assets were forfeited by the court.(罪犯的财产被法院没收。)
体育因违规、缺席比赛而被判输The team was forced to forfeit the match.(该队被迫弃权比赛。)
商业违反合同或协议导致押金、权益被没收Customers who cancel their bookings late will forfeit their deposit.(顾客如果晚取消预订,将失去押金。)
游戏在游戏规则中因违规或失败失去筹码、分数He had to pay a forfeit for breaking the game rules.(他因违反游戏规则而被罚分。)

8. “Forfeit” 和 “Fine” 的区别

单词含义使用场景
Forfeit因违规、违约或未履行责任而失去某物(可指财产、资格、权利等)He forfeited his deposit due to late cancellation.(他因晚取消预订而丧失押金。)
Fine罚款,一种特定的金钱处罚,通常由政府或机构规定He was fined $500 for speeding.(他因超速被罚款 500 美元。)

📌 区别要点:

  • Forfeit 侧重丧失、被剥夺,不仅限于金钱,也可以是资格、权利等。
  • Fine 仅指金钱上的罚款,由官方机构裁定。

9. “Forfeit” 和 “Confiscate” 的区别

单词含义使用场景
Forfeit因违规、违约而被剥夺You will forfeit your rights if you fail to comply.(如果不遵守规定,你将丧失权利。)
Confiscate政府或官方机构没收财产,通常带有强制性The police confiscated the illegal items.(警方没收了非法物品。)

📌 区别要点:

  • Forfeit 更广义,适用于金钱、资格、权利、比赛等,有时是自动丧失的结果
  • Confiscate 更偏向官方没收,通常由政府或机构强制执行。

10. 总结

用法含义例子
动词(vt.)因违规、违约而失去If you miss the deadline, you will forfeit your deposit.(如果你错过截止日期,你将丧失押金。)
名词(n.)罚金,丧失的东西He had to pay a forfeit for being late.(他因迟到被罚款。)
形容词(adj.)被罚没的,被剥夺的His forfeit assets were seized.(他被罚没的资产被查封。)
资格证明、证书、凭据、身份认证
“有帮助”“有用”或“利用”
抢劫、盗窃
战利品、赃物
合法性、合理性或正当性
认为、看待、尊重