forfeit
【罚金、没收物】
"Forfeit" 是一个既可以作名词、动词,也可以作形容词的单词,主要表达失去、放弃、罚没、被剥夺等含义,常见于法律、比赛、合同和财务相关的场合。我们可以从以下几个方面来分析它的含义和用法:
1. 作为动词(vt.):(因违规、过失等)丧失、被迫放弃
📌 含义:表示由于违规、过失或未履行责任而被迫失去某物,通常指金钱、权利、财产或比赛资格等。
✅ 例句:
- If you break the rules, you will forfeit your membership.
(如果你违反规则,你将丧失会员资格。) - He had to forfeit his deposit after canceling the contract.
(他因取消合同而不得不放弃押金。) - The team forfeited the match due to a lack of players.
(由于球员人数不足,该队被判弃赛。)
📌 常见搭配:
- Forfeit a right(丧失权利)
- Forfeit a game/match(比赛弃权)
- Forfeit a deposit(丧失押金)
2. 作为名词(n.):罚金、没收物、丧失的东西
📌 含义:指因违法、违规或未履行义务而被罚没、丧失的财产、金钱或权益。
✅ 例句:
- He had to pay a forfeit for arriving late.
(他因迟到而被罚款。) - The company faced a heavy forfeit for breaching the contract.
(该公司因违反合同而面临巨额罚款。) - The team’s forfeit resulted in their disqualification from the tournament.
(该队的弃赛导致他们被取消比赛资格。)
📌 常见搭配:
- Pay a forfeit(支付罚款)
- Lose something by forfeit(因违规等而丧失某物)
- A game/match loss by forfeit(因弃权而失去比赛资格)
3. 作为形容词(adj.):被罚没的,被剥夺的
📌 含义:形容某物因某种违规或失误而被罚没或丧失。这种用法相对较少见。
✅ 例句:
- His forfeit property was seized by the government.
(他被罚没的财产被政府没收了。) - The forfeit money must be paid immediately.
(罚款必须立即支付。)
4. 发音
- 英式发音:/ˈfɔː.fɪt/
- 美式发音:/ˈfɔːr.fɪt/
发音分解:
- For- /fɔːr/(类似“佛”)
- feit /fɪt/(类似“费特”)
🎧 发音提示:
- “Forfeit” 的 “feit” 不是 "fight",而是类似 “fit” 的发音。
5. 近义词 & 反义词
词性 | 近义词 | 反义词 |
---|---|---|
动词(丧失) | Lose(失去), Surrender(放弃), Relinquish(让渡) | Retain(保留), Keep(保持) |
名词(罚没) | Penalty(罚款), Fine(罚金), Confiscation(没收) | Reward(奖励), Compensation(补偿) |
6. 相关短语
- Forfeit a match/game(因违规而被判输掉比赛)
- Forfeit one’s right to do something(丧失做某事的权利)
- Lose something by forfeit(因罚没而失去某物)
- A fine or forfeit(罚款或罚没)
✅ 例句:
- The team had to forfeit the game because they didn't have enough players.
(该队因球员人数不足,不得不弃权比赛。) - He forfeited his right to appeal by missing the deadline.
(他因错过截止日期而丧失了上诉的权利。)
7. 现实生活中的应用
领域 | 应用场景 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
法律 | 违约、违规导致财产被没收 | The criminal’s assets were forfeited by the court.(罪犯的财产被法院没收。) |
体育 | 因违规、缺席比赛而被判输 | The team was forced to forfeit the match.(该队被迫弃权比赛。) |
商业 | 违反合同或协议导致押金、权益被没收 | Customers who cancel their bookings late will forfeit their deposit.(顾客如果晚取消预订,将失去押金。) |
游戏 | 在游戏规则中因违规或失败失去筹码、分数 | He had to pay a forfeit for breaking the game rules.(他因违反游戏规则而被罚分。) |
8. “Forfeit” 和 “Fine” 的区别
单词 | 含义 | 使用场景 |
---|---|---|
Forfeit | 因违规、违约或未履行责任而失去某物(可指财产、资格、权利等) | He forfeited his deposit due to late cancellation.(他因晚取消预订而丧失押金。) |
Fine | 罚款,一种特定的金钱处罚,通常由政府或机构规定 | He was fined $500 for speeding.(他因超速被罚款 500 美元。) |
📌 区别要点:
- Forfeit 侧重丧失、被剥夺,不仅限于金钱,也可以是资格、权利等。
- Fine 仅指金钱上的罚款,由官方机构裁定。
9. “Forfeit” 和 “Confiscate” 的区别
单词 | 含义 | 使用场景 |
---|---|---|
Forfeit | 因违规、违约而被剥夺 | You will forfeit your rights if you fail to comply.(如果不遵守规定,你将丧失权利。) |
Confiscate | 政府或官方机构没收财产,通常带有强制性 | The police confiscated the illegal items.(警方没收了非法物品。) |
📌 区别要点:
- Forfeit 更广义,适用于金钱、资格、权利、比赛等,有时是自动丧失的结果。
- Confiscate 更偏向官方没收,通常由政府或机构强制执行。
10. 总结
用法 | 含义 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
动词(vt.) | 因违规、违约而失去 | If you miss the deadline, you will forfeit your deposit.(如果你错过截止日期,你将丧失押金。) |
名词(n.) | 罚金,丧失的东西 | He had to pay a forfeit for being late.(他因迟到被罚款。) |
形容词(adj.) | 被罚没的,被剥夺的 | His forfeit assets were seized.(他被罚没的资产被查封。) |